The surge in chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases prompts a critical evaluation of our readiness to tackle this health crisis. CKD, stemming from prolonged kidney damage, is notably fueled by diabetes and hypertension, posing a growing threat with the escalating prevalence of risk factors like obesity and chronic conditions.

Globally, noncommunicable diseases now account for three-fourths of all deaths, with CKD emerging as a significant contributor. In India, hosting 17% of the world's population with limited healthcare resources, CKD's impact is exacerbated, especially among those below the poverty line.

A 2017 Global Burden of Disease study reveals a 9.1% global prevalence of CKD, affecting around 850 million people worldwide. In India, studies indicate a CKD prevalence of approximately 17%, with a noteworthy 6% among those with moderate to severe renal disease.

Contributing factors in India encompass a high incidence of low birth weight, consanguinity, environmental challenges like pollution and water contamination, coupled with the rising tide of diabetes and hypertension. The consequences are profound, with CKD often undetected until advanced stages, leading to a dire need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).

However, RRT accessibility is marred by financial constraints, with over 90% of Indian patients requiring RRT succumbing without treatment. The scarcity of nephrologists further compounds the issue, leaving a vast population underserved.

Annually, India witnesses 2.2 lakh new cases of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), demanding 3.4 crore dialysis sessions. Existing infrastructure, primarily in the private sector, struggles to meet this demand. The financial burden on patients, averaging Rs. 3-4 lakhs annually for dialysis, exacerbates the crisis.

Prevention and effective management emerge as the imperative focus. Regular screening in high-risk individuals, blood pressure control, optimal diabetes management, adopting a healthy lifestyle, cautious medication use, and adequate hydration are crucial preventive measures. For ESRD patients, enhancing dialysis facilities, promoting peritoneal dialysis, and expanding renal transplant programs are imperative steps to alleviate the burden.

In the face of mounting morbidity, mortality, and financial strain associated with CKD, a comprehensive strategy blending prevention, improved infrastructure, and enhanced treatment options becomes paramount. The healthcare system must evolve to meet the challenges of this escalating health crisis.